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Article History

Received: 6 November 2019

Accepted: 20 January 2020

First Online: 30 January 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Verbal consent for sampling from the owners of the animals was obtained, following common practice for this type of sampling. Piglet sampling was part of routine veterinary practice in the farms. Sampling of piglets was done under institutional authorization and followed good veterinary practices. According to European (Directive 2010/63/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes) and Spanish (Real Decreto 53/2013) normative, this procedure did not require specific approval by an Ethical Committee. Nasal sampling was performed only once to each piglet and is not likely to cause pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm equivalent to, or higher than, that caused by the introduction of a needle in accordance with good veterinary practice (Chapter I, Article 1, 5 (f) of 2010/63/EU). Blood sampling of rabbit to obtain serum was performed following good veterinary practices and the above mentioned normative. For PAMs, following Article 18 of 2010/63/EU (Sharing organs and tissues), lungs were obtained from animals killed for other reasons.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. None of the authors has any financial or personal relationships that could inappropriately influence or bias the content of the paper.