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Article History

Received: 30 May 2024

Accepted: 30 December 2024

First Online: 13 February 2025

Declarations

:

: To support the participation of experts and non-expert veterinarians, the study was conducted following the ethical principles of the World Medical Assembly for research in humans established in its Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Bioethics Committee on Human Research (protocol code 19-98-872/09102019) of the University of Antioquia, Colombia. For animals used in the in vivo model, the project received the endorsement of the Ethics Committee on Animal Experimentation (protocol code: 131/11022020) of the University of Antioquia, Colombia, for complying with national regulations according to Law 84 of 1989 “By which adopts the National Animal Protection Statute” and regulates the “Use of Live Animals in Experiments and Research” and “scientific, technical and administrative standards for health research are established.” Additionally, it complied with international regulations where “Animal Rights” will be respected, as indicated in the Universal Declaration of Animal Rights, adopted by the International League for Animal Rights (1978) and approved by UNESCO and the UN, where it is stated that “all animals have rights”. At all times, the research was conducted according to the 3Rs principle “: replace, reduce and refine Russell and Burch (1959). These principles were supported by ethical principles during animal experimentation, according to the Basel Declaration. Finally, this study was part of a larger project designed to evaluate the acquisition of advanced laparoscopic skills and the significant transfer of skill to a surgical protocol. All veterinarians involved in the study signed the informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.