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Article History

Received: 16 January 2024

Accepted: 7 March 2025

First Online: 28 March 2025

Declarations

:

: Sample collection was performed according to the Act for the Protection of Animals for Scientific or Educational Purposes of 15 January 2015 (Official Gazette 2015, No. 266, Art. 2), applicable in the Republic of Poland. Due to the fact that samples were collected during veterinary procedures (conducted by the first author– Monika Chmielewska-Władyka, PhD, MDV, veterinarian on farms from which samples were taken) these activities did not require additional agreement from the Local Ethical Committee. Dr Monika Chmielewska-Władyka who supervised the herds had the consent of the owners for all veterinary procedures, including samples collection, carried out on the farms. The study complies with all institutional, national or international guidelines, such as the Basel Declaration. According to the Polish animal law (The Act on the protection of animals used for scientific and educational purposes, which was passed in January 2015 and transposed Directive 2010/63/EU into current Polish legislation; Official Gazette 2015, No. 266) avian embryos are not considered as “live vertebrae animals”, so the Approval of Local Animal Ethics Commission was not required. On the 20th day of incubation, according to the AVMA guidelines and animal welfare, goose embryos were sacrificed by decapitation.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.