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Article History

Received: 13 September 2023

Accepted: 24 March 2025

First Online: 4 April 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Makerere University School of Health Sciences Research and Ethics Committee, reference number MAKSHSREC-2019-099. It was then cleared and registered by the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology (UNCST), reference number HS538ES. Further research administrative clearance to access and use import data was obtained from the National Drug Authority in consultation with the Uganda Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF). All methods in the study were carried out according to relevant guidelines and regulations as established by the UNCST and as per international standards. We confirm that the study only used import data for antimicrobials and there were no animals or human subjects involved.

: Not Applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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