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Authors
Cherdthong, Anusorn
Sombuddee, Napudsawun
Lukbun, Saowalak
Kanakai, Natdanai
Srichompoo, Pachara
Jaikan, Winai
Phaengphairee, Perapong
Haitook, Theerachai
Chankaew, Sompong
Suntara, Chanon
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Fundamental Fund of Khon Kaen University from The National Science, Research, and Innovation Fund
Program on Toxic Substances, Microorganisms and Feed Additives in Livestock and Aquatic Animals for Food Safety and Khon Kaen University
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Article History
Received: 22 July 2023
Accepted: 2 April 2025
First Online: 22 April 2025
Declarations
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: The study received approval from the Khon Kaen University Animal Ethics Committee (Record number IACUC-KKU-46/65). We confirm that our procedures for laboratory animals comply with the Code of Conduct for Laboratory Animals and meet international standards. In this study, we used rumen fluid obtained through oral stomach sampling to conduct in vitro gas technique analysis. The animals were released immediately after sampling, and no animals were euthanized or subjected to any harm or pain. The process was conducted by experts and was quick and non-invasive.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
