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Authors
Inthawong, Pratthana
Huaijantug, Somkiat
Plangsangmas, Tithipong
Piyarungsri, Kakanang
Angkawanish, Taweepoke
Langkaphin, Warangkhana
Kosaruk, Worapong
Pabutta, Choenkwan
Kijpraiboon, Supatta
Mitchell, Mark A.
Wattananit, Podjana
Thitaram, Chatchote
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mahidol University
Chiang Mai University
Asian Elephant Foundation of Thailand
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Article History
Received: 8 November 2024
Accepted: 16 May 2025
First Online: 26 May 2025
Declarations
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: All animals were maintained under the animal care and use protocol approved by the Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University-Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (MUVS-2021-08-30). We have permission and the consent decree from the Thai Elephant Conservation Center, National Elephant Institute of Thailand to collect samples and data for this study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
