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Authors
Cohan, Hossein Ahangari
Esmaeili, Saber
Mahmoudi, Ahmad
Ghasemi, Ahmad
Nemati, Amir Hesam
Gooya, Mohammad Mehdi
Zakeri, Abdoljabbar
Mostafavi, Ehsan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Pasteur Institute of Iran (1744)
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Article History
Received: 26 February 2025
Accepted: 18 June 2025
First Online: 2 July 2025
Declarations
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: was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Pasteur Institute of Iran (IR.PII.REC.1395.9). Written informed consent was obtained from all dog owners, who were fully informed about the study’s objectives and procedures. All procedures adhered to institutional guidelines, the ARRIVE guidelines (), and the ethical principles of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its amendments.
: Not applicable, as this study does not involve human participants or individual data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
