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Authors
Lesta, Gloria D.
Deserno, Thomas M.
Abani, Samira
Janisch, Jörg
Hänsch, Alexej
Laue, Merlin
Winzer, Stefanie
Dickinson, Peter J.
De Decker, Steven
Gutierrez-Quintana, Rodrigo
Subbotin, Aleksandr
Bocharova, Kseniia
McLarty, Ehren
Lemke, Laura
Wang-Leandro, Adriano
Spohn, Franziska
Volk, Holger A.
Nessler, Jasmin N.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover (TIHO)
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Article History
Received: 14 February 2025
Accepted: 14 August 2025
First Online: 16 September 2025
Declarations
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: Data were used with informed written owner’s permission according to ethical university’s guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: Authors G. Lesta, J. Janisch, A. Hansch, M. Laue and S. Winzer are employed by DOS Software-Systeme GmbH, a commercial developer of AI solutions. D. Sanchez Masian is employed at VetCT, a commercial service provider for imaging that partially uses AI-powered systems. The employer had no influence on the study design, data collection and analysis, or the conclusions drawn in this paper. S. Abani, J.N. Nessler, A. Hansch and M. Laue were funded by the “Central Innovation Program for small- and medium-sized enterprises” of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action - grant no. KK5066602LB. Additionally, we acknowledge financial support by the Open Access Publication Fund of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation. Both funders had no influence on the study design, data collection and analysis, or the conclusions drawn in this paper. H.A. Volk was an editorial board member of BMC vet res at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.
