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Authors
Gariboldi, Elisa Maria
Ubiali, Alessandra
Boracchi, Patrizia
Luconi, Ester
Ferrari, Roberta
Auletta, Luigi
De Zani, Donatella
Zani, Davide Danilo
Roccabianca, Paola
Grieco, Valeria
Giudice, Chiara
Recordati, Camilla
Stefanello, Damiano
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali - Università degli Studi di Milano (PSR2021_DIP_035_DISTEF)
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Article History
Received: 27 January 2025
Accepted: 20 August 2025
First Online: 9 October 2025
Declarations
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: Authors declare that ethics approval was not needed for this study. The study does not involve animal experimentation, but owned dogs and cats with spontaneous neoplastic disease and the methods applied in our study are already widely described and used in small animal clinical practice. Owned dogs and cats were referred to Veterinary Teaching Hospital of authors’ Departement and underwent standard procedures for curative intent treatments. Before clinical, diagnostic or treatment procedures, all owners provided to sign a written informed consent for all procedures and data collection. All procedures adhered to Italian national legislation for animal welfare (DL 14th March 2014, n. 26) and the best standards of veterinary practice (Good Veterinary Practice, Federation of European Veterinary Associations—Italian National Federation of the Veterinary Orders [FNOVI], 29th January 2005).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.\
