Kim, Jeong-Woon
Kim, Jung-Moon
Kim, Hwi-Yool
Cho, Jun-Sik
Lee, Keuntae
Kim, Jung-Hyun
Jo, Junsuk
Lee, Sangyul
Jang, Sang-Kun
Article History
Received: 30 May 2025
Accepted: 16 September 2025
First Online: 31 October 2025
Change Date: 8 January 2026
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-05194-w
Declarations
:
: This study utilized cadavers from ownerless dogs, donated under a formal agreement by a registered animal shelter (Incheon Veterinary Medical Association), following euthanasia for reasons unrelated to this research. As the animals were ownerless, client consent was not applicable. According to of the Konkuk University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (KU-IACUC) and Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs of South Korea, research involving cadaveric material is exempt from formal ethical review, and therefore no specific approval was required.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.