Updates are available Correction dated 2026-01-08

Article History

Received: 30 May 2025

Accepted: 16 September 2025

First Online: 31 October 2025

Change Date: 8 January 2026

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-05194-w

Declarations

:

: This study utilized cadavers from ownerless dogs, donated under a formal agreement by a registered animal shelter (Incheon Veterinary Medical Association), following euthanasia for reasons unrelated to this research. As the animals were ownerless, client consent was not applicable. According to of the Konkuk University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (KU-IACUC) and Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs of South Korea, research involving cadaveric material is exempt from formal ethical review, and therefore no specific approval was required.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.