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Authors
Abdi, Alemu kebede
Pavanasam, Natarajan
Chibssa, Tesfaye Rufael
Mohamed, Abde Aliy
Senbata, Bayeta
Bedewi, Zufan
Disasa, Guta
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Article History
Received: 24 May 2025
Accepted: 17 September 2025
First Online: 28 October 2025
Declarations
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: This research work was conducted following the fish handling and sample collection guidelines established by Hawassa University, College of Natural and Computational Science, in 2023. The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Review Committee (RERC) of the Hawassa University. Additionally, the fish were euthanized and rendered unconscious during sample collection to ensure animal welfare. The euthanasia procedure followed the “American Veterinary Medical Association Guideline for Euthanasia” published in 2020. The fish were euthanized by transecting the spinal cord behind the skull, as described by Austin (2016).
: Notapplicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
