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Authors
Malik, Muhammad Zeeshan
Khan, Saeed Ul Hassan
Irshad, Hamid
Tayh, Ghassan
Naz, Warda
Khan, Muhammad Salman
Belkahia, Hanène
Ben Said, Mourad
khan, Rashid Abbas
Abdel-Maksou, Mostafa A.
Alamri, Abdulaziz
Alrokayan, Salman
Alabbad, Aljawharah Fahad
El-Tayeb, Mohamed A.
Badshah, Farhad
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
King Saud University (ORF-2025-552)
King Saud University (ORF-2025-552)
King Saud University (ORF-2025-552)
King Saud University (ORF-2025-552)
King Saud University (ORF-2025-552)
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Article History
Received: 13 April 2025
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 14 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines and regulations. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee of the Zoology Department, Quaid I Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan (Approval Letter No. APL-ZOL0021913). Informed consent was obtained from the owners of the dairy farms before collecting the fecal samples.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
