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Authors
Zhai, Changhong
Lin, Jingyi
Yang, Xiaonan
Mu, Jing
Lei, Lei
Wu, Wende
Zheng, Yimin
Shi, Mingxian
Ma, Chunxia
Peng, Hao
Li, Gonghe
Ding, Jiafeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2024YFD1301303)
Guangxi Key Research and Development Plan (AB241484045)
the “14th Five-Year Plan” Project of Fangchenggang Science and Technology Program (Fangke 24BB108460)
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Article History
Received: 17 July 2025
Accepted: 29 September 2025
First Online: 29 October 2025
Declarations
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: The Animal Ethics Committee of Guangxi University approved this study (No. GXU-2023-0207). This study was conducted on the Holstein dairy cow farm of Royal Group in Nanning City, China. Written informed consent was obtained from participating farm owners prior to the commencement of this study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
