Alowanou, Géorcelin Goué
Zangueu, Calvin B.
Akouèdégni, Guénolé
Houssoukpè, Claude
Dossou, John
Kifouly, Habirou Aboudou
Kouin, Nellynia Orléanse
Olounladé, Pascal Abiodoun
Dongmo, Alain Bertrand
Hounzangbé-Adoté, Sylvie
Funding for this research was provided by:
International Foundation for Sciences (IFS:3-B/5792-2)
Article History
Received: 28 May 2025
Accepted: 6 October 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Declarations
:
: All experimental protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Research of the Agricultural Techniques and Sciences Department at the National University of Sciences, Technologies, Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM), under the approval number UNSTIM/ENSET/STA-2023-095. All procedures involving animals were conducted in strict accordance with relevant national and institutional guidelines and regulations. Furthermore, the study and its reporting are fully compliant with the ARRIVE guidelines ( ). Informed consent was obtained from all participants, including the owners of the sheep from whom fecal samples were collected for analysis.
: All the authors (corresponding and associate authors) agree to the publication of the results of this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.