Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Tajchman, Katarzyna
Muszyński, Siemowit
Ceacero, Francisco
Kasperek, Kornel
Janiszewski, Paweł
Dziki-Michalska, Katarzyna
Tomaszewska, Ewa
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 6 June 2025
Accepted: 15 October 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Ethical review and approval do not apply to this study due to the research described in the manuscript not using any painful procedures and the breeding process not being changed; antlers were cut with routine procedures on a deer breeding farm (Animal Welfare Commission Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ZdsDZ/3/2025). Informed consent was obtained from all animal owners for the use of antlers for research.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
