Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Hmidi, Imen
Souguir, Meriem
Dardouri, Maha https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8766-1527
Ben Brahim, Ben
Mansour, Wejdene https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9030-2533
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
ENVIRE
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 29 December 2024
Accepted: 17 October 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Animal Experimentation, National School of Veterinary Medicine, Tunisia, under the reference number CEEA-ENMV 93/25. All participants (veterinarians and farmers) provided their verbal informed consent to participate in the survey. The use of verbal consent was approved by the ethics committee and considered appropriate for this type of non-invasive questionnaire-based study.
: Not Applicable. As the study did not include any identifiable personal data (such as names, images, or videos) from participants, in accordance with BMC’s editorial policies.
: The authors declare no competing interests
