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Authors
Costa, Helena
Ramstedt, Per
Bergsma, Myrthe
Jourdain, Eve
Morange, Zoë
Blévin, Pierre
Basran, Charla J.
Rasmussen, Marianne H.
Dawson, Terence P.
Dawson, Harriet Y.
O’Callaghan, Seán A.
Siriyappagouder, Prabhugouda
Fernandes, Jorge M. O.
Rikardsen, Audun H.
Waugh, Courtney A.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nord University
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Article History
Received: 12 June 2025
Accepted: 3 November 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Declarations
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: All sampling procedures were conducted in accordance with the relevant national guidelines and regulations and approved by the Committee for Ethical Research of Nord University. Approval for sampling procedures in Norway was obtained from the Norwegian Food Safety Authorities (Mattilsynet), under permits FOTS permits ref: 22/147871. Approval for sampling procedures in Cape Verde was obtained from The Ministério da Agricultura e Ambiente Cabo Verde under the ethical and research permit Authorisation No. 08/DNA/2023. All drone flights in Norway and Iceland were performed according to the Civil Aviation Authority Norway (CAAN) and the Icelandic Transport Authority (ITA) regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
