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Authors
Ciaputa, Rafał
Janus-Ziółkowska, Izabela
Żebrowski, Kacper
Nowak, Marcin
Dzimira, Stanisław
Piotrowska, Aleksandra
Ratajczak-Wielgomas, Katarzyna
Kandefer-Gola, Małgorzata
Grieco, Valeria
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences
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Article History
Received: 20 May 2025
Accepted: 14 November 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Declarations
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: All tissue samples were obtained retrospectively from the archives of the Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences. Samples originated from routine castrations, curative orchiectomies, or post-mortem examinations. All samples were anonymized. Ethical approval and owner consent were not required.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
