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Antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus species and the associated risk factors in poultry farms in Blantyre City: a wake-up call to the one health approach

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-05189-7

Published Online: 2025-12-23

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Deleza, Muonaouza

Chigwechokha, Petros

Mwale, Peter

Mthirakuwiri, Lecollins

Mwantoma, Williams

Nkunika, Brighton

Batani, Samson

Redson, Chisomo

Njalam’mano, John

Taulo, John

Kadewa, Wilfred

Maluwa, Alfred

Kainga, Henson
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-23

Version of Record valid from 2026-02-06
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Article History

Received: 19 July 2025

Accepted: 24 November 2025

First Online: 23 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study received ethical approval from the Malawi University of Science and Technology Research and Ethics Committee (MUSTREC) (reference number: P.04/2024/127) (Supplementary Information 3). Informed consents (Supplementary Information 4) were obtained from all study participants including farm owners and workers. Privacy, confidentiality, and anonymity were maintained throughout the study. Avoiding harm to the participants, the poultry, and the environment was also prioritized throughout the study. The study also received study site authorization from the Blantyre District Animal Health and Livestock Development Office.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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