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Authors
Allievi, Carolina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0780-3637
Villa, Luca https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2013-3997
Cafiso, Alessandra https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8739-3422
Zanon, Alessandro https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6091-3126
Valleri, Marco
Manfredi, Maria Teresa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9623-9475
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Article History
Received: 4 September 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 17 January 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures for the collection of pig faecal samples were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Università degli Studi di Milano (“Organismo Preposto al Benessere degli Animali,” Protocol number OPBA_ 90_2023).Informed consent was obtained from the pig farmers involved in this study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
