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Authors
Assumpcao, Anna L. Facchetti V.
Caputi, Valentina
Ashwell, Christopher M.
Honaker, Christa F.
Siegel, Paul B.
Taylor, Robert L. Jr
Lyte, Joshua M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Agricultural Research Service
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Article History
Received: 18 November 2025
Accepted: 26 December 2025
First Online: 13 January 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees at West Virginia University for 4- to 16-week-old chickens (Phase 1) and Virginia Tech for 66-week-old chickens (Phase 2) before the study was initiated.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
