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Authors
von Lindeiner, Lara M.
Müller, Simon F.
Müller, Elisabeth
Heilmann, Romy M.
Vervuert, Ingrid
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universität Leipzig
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Article History
Received: 31 January 2025
Accepted: 2 January 2026
First Online: 6 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the State Office for Consumer Protection ( Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz Thüringen, Germany; registration no. UNL-22–001 ). The owners of each dog enrolled in the study gave their written consent to participate in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
