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Authors
Hünting, Delia
Meller, Sebastian
Twele, Friederike
Meyerhoff, Nina
Bhatti, Sofie F.M.
Volk, Holger A.
Charalambous, Marios
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover (TIHO)
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Article History
Received: 7 September 2025
Accepted: 7 January 2026
First Online: 19 January 2026
Declarations
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: Both compared studies were reviewed and approved by animal and welfare committees, in Ghent by the University’s ethical committee (EC 2016/30), and in Hannover by the governmental animal and welfare committees in Lower Saxony (LAVES; reference number, 33.8-42502-04-22-00114). Owners were required to provide written informed consent for their dogs to participate in the studies.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
