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Authors
Mohammedsalih, Khalid M.
Ibrahim, Abdoelnaim I. Y.
Juma, Fathel-Rahman
Abdalmalaik, Abdalhakaim A. H.
Bashar, Ahmed
von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Georg
Krücken, Jürgen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Freie Universität Berlin
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Article History
Received: 24 July 2025
Accepted: 20 January 2026
First Online: 11 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in compliance with the Sudanese Animal Welfare Law, approved in 2015, and received ethical approval from the Research and Ethics Committee at the Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Sudan (Ref. UN/FVS/1/34). For the field trials, informed verbal consent was obtained from the farmers. Verbal consent was chosen because many of the farmers are illiterate. This procedure was approved by the Ethics Committee. We confirm that all methods and experiments were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations under the above-mentioned approval and in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines 2.0.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
