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Authors
Safwat, Mahmoud S.
Khodeir, Mohamed H.
Etman, Rabie H.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cairo University
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Article History
Received: 21 December 2025
Accepted: 27 February 2026
First Online: 26 March 2026
Declarations
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: The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, approved the current study (Vet CU 01102020235). Verbal informed consent was obtained from the dog owners before sampling.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
