Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Saeed, Omar S.
Labib, Mirna Akram
Gamal, Mahmoud
Ahmed, Basem M.
El-Deeb, Ayman H.
Amer, Haitham M.
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cairo University
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 26 December 2025
Accepted: 1 April 2026
First Online: 9 May 2026
Declarations
:
: No euthanasia or sacrifice of birds was performed in this study. All samples were obtained from apparently healthy, live birds during routine farm handling. Blood samples were collected from the wing vein, and tracheal swabs were obtained using sterile polyester-tipped swabs.The birds enrolled in this study were sourced from commercial, privately owned broiler breeder farms and were neither owned nor managed by the authors or by any academic or governmental institution. Before sample collection, permission was formally obtained from the respective farm owners or authorized farm managers to access the farms and to collect samples from their birds for research purposes.All animal handling procedures, farm access, and sample collection from privately owned flocks were conducted in accordance with approved animal welfare guidelines and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University (Approval No. Vet CU-301220251281).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
