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Authors
Mbindyo, Christine M.
Achieng, Luciano A.
Wanja, Daniel W.
Peter, Shepelo Getrude
Kibegwa, Felix M.
Ndanyi, Romona
Gitao, George C.
Kato, Charles D.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa
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Article History
Received: 24 August 2025
Accepted: 17 April 2026
First Online: 27 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the University of Nairobi (UoN) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Biosafety Animal Use and Ethical Committee (No. FVM BAUEC/2024/579). Permission to do the study was sought through a written informed consent from the Murang’a County Director of Veterinary Services, and informed verbal consent was obtained from poultry farmers who were willing to participate in the study before the initiation of the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
