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Article History

Received: 11 February 2026

Accepted: 24 April 2026

First Online: 29 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The samples were taken by responsible veterinarians in the context and following the rules of the German mandatory surveillance programs for brucellosis, leukosis or infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. No animals were sampled specifically for research purposes, and no additional procedures were performed for this study, therefore no additional permissions were required.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.