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Article History

Received: 29 January 2026

Accepted: 5 May 2026

First Online: 19 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted using post-mortem slaughterhouse materials obtained from animals already slaughtered for commercial purposes; therefore, ethical approval was not required. This was formally confirmed by the Local Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments of Fırat University (decision date: 11 June 2014; protocol number: 14–138). In addition, written informed consent was obtained from poultry house owners for farm visits, and these consent documents were submitted to the ethics committee.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.