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Authors
Kaczorek-Łukowska, Edyta
Foksiński, Paweł
Szyryńska, Natalia
Maszewska, Agnieszka
Krzyżaniak, Marta
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Article History
Received: 20 February 2026
Accepted: 13 May 2026
First Online: 22 May 2026
Declarations
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: Milk samples were collected as part of routine veterinary diagnostics/herd health monitoring (no experimental procedures were performed on animals). According to the Polish law Act of 15 January 2015 on the protection of animals used for scientific or educational purposes , ethical approval was not required. Samples were residual diagnostic material and were analyzed anonymously; no identifiable farm-level data were collected.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
