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Authors
Bhandari, Madan
Bastola, Sirjan
Gautam, Rajesh
Shrestha, Mitesh
Yadav, Ajiv Babu
Gurung, Yam Bahadur
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Zebra Foundation for Veterinary Zoological Education (student Research)
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Article History
Received: 31 December 2025
Accepted: 1 June 2026
First Online: 6 June 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from Nepal Veterinary Council (Approval No.:86/2082-83), and the Internship advisory committee of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University approved the study design (Approved date: July 10, 2025). Approval to conduct the study was obtained by primary researcher (M.B) from Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Nepal (Reg. No 236).Sampling and animal sample handling were conducted in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines. Though dogs were free roaming, they were cared and sheltered by local residents, informed consent was taken from each owner/caretaker.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
