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Authors
Carrasco-Martin, M.
Viñeta, C.
Martí-Carreras, J.
Roura, X.
Ferrer, L.
Busquets, Pere
Vila, A.
Francino, O.
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Article History
Received: 10 February 2026
Accepted: 24 June 2026
First Online: 7 July 2026
Declarations
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: All samples used in this research were leftover samples from collaborating veterinary diagnostic laboratories testing for the presence of Leishmania infantum in dogs. Owners provided informed consent to sending samples for diagnostic purposes. As the data are from client-owned dogs that underwent routine preventive veterinary examinations, there was no “animal experiment” under legal definitions in Spain, and approval by an ethics committee was not required. The study aligns with the European guidelines set out in Directive 2010/63/EU.
: Not applicable.
: MCM and JMC are current employees of Nano1Health SL.
