Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Opoku, Emmanuel Darko https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9710-6632
Folitse, Raphael Deladem https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4232-7813
Kodie, Dorcas Oyueley https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2470-6457
Agbota, Jemima Dzigbordi
Esther, Amemor
Tasiame, William https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2125-6382
Emikpe, Benjamin Obukowho https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2458-6504
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 11 April 2026
Accepted: 7 July 2026
First Online: 14 July 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted as a non-experimental, prospective observational investigation documenting clinical outcomes in client-owned dogs presenting to the KNUST Veterinary Teaching Hospital with signs consistent with canine parvovirus infection. No animals were enrolled, examined, or treated specifically for research purposes. No experimental procedures were performed, and no interventions were introduced beyond the standard of care routinely provided at the facility. All diagnostic and treatment decisions were made independently by licensed veterinary clinicians as part of routine professional practice. Institutional permission for the conduct and publication of this study was granted by hospital management. Informed consent for clinical management, including examination and diagnostic procedures, was obtained from all animal owners as part of standard clinical care. This study was reviewed by the Animal Research Ethics Committee (AREC) of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), which confirmed institutional oversight and granted exemption from full ethical review on the basis of its non-interventional, prospective observational nature and the informed consents obtained from all animal owners.
: Not applicable. No identifiable individual animal or owner data are included in this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
