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Authors
Manathunga, Thamali
Carbonara, Mariaelisa
Bezerra-Santos, Marcos Antonio
Jimale, Kassim Abdullahi
Mendoza-Roldan, Jairo Alfonso
Lia, Riccardo Paolo
Yu, Hongxiao
Chen, Ping
Han, Qian
Otranto, Domenico
Barrs, Vanessa R.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
City University of Hong Kong (SGP-9380113)
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Article History
Received: 27 May 2026
Accepted: 8 July 2026
First Online: 3 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The animal study protocol was approved by the Hainan University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. The study adhered to the guidelines set by the committee (approval code: HNUAUCC-00520). Samples from the dogs in this study were collected with the informed consent of the owners.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
