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Authors
Baron, Jerome N.
Vepkhvadze, Nino G.
Markosyan, Tigran
Gulbani, Ana
Enukidze, Tea
Basiladze, Vasili
Chaligava, Tengiz
Khelaia, Demna
Kartskhia, Natia
Kurashvili, Tengiz
Kharatyan, Satenik
Sargsyan, Khachik
Goginashvili, Ketevan
Kokhreidze, Maka
Tigilauri, Tamar
Toklikishvili, Natia
Turmanidze, Marina
Mamisashvili, Eliso
Ståhl, Karl
Risatti, Guillermo
Chenais, Erika
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
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Article History
Received: 2 December 2025
Accepted: 28 July 2026
First Online: 4 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All research activities under the project “Comprehensive Research for Detecting Origin and Distribution of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Georgia and Armenia” has been approved by the Funding Organization Defence Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), which falls under the purview of the Defence Health Agency (DHA) Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) which follows the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (project number HDTRA11910022), and by the Government of Georgia, Decree of the Government of Georgia #2326. The sampling protocol was approved by the Animal Care and Use Review Office (ACURO) from the US Army Medical Research & Development Command (USAMRDC). Animal sampling was conducted by the National Food Agency of Georgia within the framework of surveillance activities. Farmers were informed in written form in advance and gave verbal consent. All human participants in the participatory surveillance survey provided written informed consent prior to responding in interviews.
Competing interest: The authors declare no competing interests.
