Poonsin, Panida
Zahro, Aisyah Nikmatuz
Wiwatvisawakorn, Vorapun
Punyathi, Panitnan
Lacharoje, Sitthichok
Lean, Fabian Z X
Piewbang, Chutchai
Techangamsuwan, Somporn
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT5-RGJ63001-013)
The Second Century Fund (C2F), Chulalongkorn University
The Thailand Science research and Innovation Fund, Chulalongkorn University (HEA_FF_69_052_3100_004)
Article History
Received: 11 June 2026
Accepted: 18 August 2026
First Online: 22 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (No. 2231001) and the Institutional Biosafety Committee (No. 2331054) of Chulalongkorn University. Clinical samples were collected as part of routine diagnostic procedures, and informed consent was obtained from dog owners prior to sample collection. Carcasses were submitted for diagnostic necropsy with owner consent, and no animals were euthanized for the purpose of this study.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.