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Authors
Zhang, Pian
Chen, Jing
Li, Na
Sun, Chenglong
Ren, Zhaowen
Mei, Yin
Wang, Fumin
Chen, Wu
Zhang, Xiaoxiao
Wang, Xu
Lu, Yangrui
Wang, Gang
Xiang, Hua
Huang, Yuan
Wang, Shenghui
Liao, Ming
Wang, Xiaohu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Project (2023B1212060040)
Technology Plan Projects of Guangdong Province (2023A1111110001)
Guangdong Provincial Forestry Department Provincial Forestry Ecological Construction Special Funds Project
Modern Agricultural Research System Innovation Team Project of Guangdong Province (2024CXTD15 and 2024CXTD15-01)
Key Laboratory Development Project (YDWS202410)
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Article History
Received: 7 December 2025
Accepted: 31 August 2026
First Online: 7 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All sampling involving live parrots was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Samples from deceased parrots were collected from birds that died naturally during routine breeding or management, and no animals were euthanized for this study. Institutional consent was obtained from the directors or responsible authorities of the participating wildlife rescue centers, zoos, and farms prior to sample collection. No privately owned parrots were included.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
