Bahrami, Somayeh
Alishiri, Sajjad
Hamidinejat, Hossein
Mosallanejad, Bahman
Motamedi, Dorine
Adil, Khan
Article History
Received: 14 July 2026
Accepted: 3 September 2026
First Online: 10 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted with the approval of the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Animal Ethics Committee (Approval Reference Number: SCU/2025/10-10-1403, Date of Approval: 12 March 2024). Blood samples were collected by licensed veterinarians in accordance with institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals. Written informed consent was obtained from each dog owner or the responsible shelter authority prior to sample collection and completion of the questionnaire. As this study did not involve human participants or human biological samples, the Declaration of Helsinki is not applicable.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.