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Functional dietary additives enhance host defense and modulate virulence associated-gene transcript abundance in Aeromonas hydrophila-challenged Nile tilapia

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-026-05937-3

Published Online: 2026-10-23

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Seoud, Samar Saad

Hussein, El-Sayed Al-Saied

Refaey, Mohamed Moaaz

Elshopakey, Gehad E.

Abdelkhalek, Nevien Kamel
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-10-23

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-10-23
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Article History

Received: 17 June 2026

Accepted: 16 September 2026

First Online: 23 October 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The experimental protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Mansoura University, Egypt, under approval number MU-ACUC (VM.Ph.D.23.11.26). Naturally diseased fish used for bacterial isolation and healthy Nile tilapia used for the feeding and challenge trial were obtained from privately owned commercial fish farms in Tell El-Kebir, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, after permission and informed consent from the farm owner/manager. All procedures involving fish handling, anaesthesia, bacterial challenge, terminal sampling, and euthanasia were performed in accordance with institutional and ethical guidelines for animal research and were designed to minimize pain and distress.

Consent for publication: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any person’s data, images, or videos.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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