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Oral isoprinosine enhances and sustains systemic and IgA-associated responses following intramuscular foot-and-mouth disease vaccination in mice and pigs

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-026-05956-0

Published Online: 2026-09-28

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Kim, Hyeong Won

Park, So Hui

Ko, Mi-Kyeong

Shin, Seokwon

Park, Jong-Hyeon

Lee, Min Ja https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5916-5083
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (B-1543386-2025-27-0202)
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-09-28

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-09-28
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Article History

Received: 24 June 2026

Accepted: 22 September 2026

First Online: 28 September 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: All animal procedures were conducted according to the Guidelines for Animal Experiments of the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency (APQA), the Republic of Korea. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the APQA Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol numbers: APQA-2025–1608 and APQA-2026–2184). All efforts were made to minimize animal discomfort and to reduce the number of animals used.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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