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Antiviral effects of cell-free supernatants derived from probiotic bacteria of various origins against selected bovine viruses: bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1, bovine herpesvirus 1 and Enterovirus E

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-026-05958-y

Published Online: 2026-09-25

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Małaczewska, Joanna

Wróbel, Małgorzata

Kazuń, Barbara

Wójcik, Roman

Żylińska-Urban, Joanna
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Minister of Science, Poland
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-09-25

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-09-25
More Information

Article History

Received: 22 July 2026

Accepted: 22 September 2026

First Online: 25 September 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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