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Authors
Jenni, Sophia
Harburger, Livia A.
Neubert, Elisabeth
Steiner, Regula
Unterer, Stefan
Boretti, Felicitas S.
Sieber-Ruckstuhl, Nadja S.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Dechra
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Article History
Received: 13 May 2026
Accepted: 28 September 2026
First Online: 15 October 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study design and protocols were reviewed and approved by the Office for Animal Welfare and 3R of the University of Zurich and approved by the Cantonal Veterinary Office of Zurich, operating under the supervision of the Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office FSVO Bern, Switzerland (permission number ZH203/2022). All applicable national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. Signed informed consent was obtained from all dog owners.
Consent for publication: not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
