Document is current

Article History

Received: 21 March 2025

Accepted: 26 June 2025

First Online: 1 July 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital Health Application and Research Center Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Approval No:2778, Date:14.01.2025). As this was a retrospective study, individual written informed consent was not newly obtained; however, all patients had previously provided written informed consent for their medical data to be used for research purposes, which was verified through hospital records before data extraction.

: Not applicable. No identifiable patient data or images are included in this study.

: The authors acknowledge the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools for language editing, structural refinement, and manuscript organization. AI-assisted platforms, including ChatGPT-4 and Claude AI, were employed to enhance the clarity and readability of the text while maintaining scientific accuracy. However, all scientific interpretations, data analyses, and conclusions were formulated by the authors to ensure the originality and integrity of the study. The statistical methods and computational scripts used in this study adhere to best-practice guidelines for reproducible research, ensuring transparency in data processing and model interpretation. The authors confirm that all analyses were manually reviewed to validate statistical outputs and avoid AI-generated biases in model selection.

: The authors declare no competing interests.