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Authors
Zhang, Hongfang
Li, Fenfen
Liu, Zhuohan
Chang, Pingjun
Wang, Dandan
Zhao, Yinying
Li, Siyan
Ding, Xixia
Zhang, Ruiwen
Zhao, Yun-e
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Science and Technology Plan Project of Wenzhou, China (2021Y1315)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81870680)
the Provincial Construction Project of Zhejiang (WKJ-ZJ-2135)
"Pioneer" and "Leading Goose" R&D Program of Zhejiang (2022C03070)
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Article History
Received: 10 June 2025
Accepted: 8 October 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Optometry Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Ethics approval No.H2023-003-K-01-02). Informed consent for participation has been provided by all the participants and from the parents or legal guardians for minors.
: We confirm that all the participants and parents of the minor participant gave written informed consent for their personal or clinical details along with any identifying images to be published in this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
