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Authors
Khan, Hamid
Zahid, Muhammad
Shabbir, Muhammad Imran
Ahmed, Adeel
Khan, Bakhtawar
Kiyani, Mubin Mustafa
Abualait, Turki
Bashir, Shahid
Li, Hong-Tao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
King Salman Center for Disability Research (KSRG-2024-307, KSRG-2024-307)
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Article History
Received: 8 May 2025
Accepted: 10 October 2025
First Online: 7 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI) [NO.IIUID(BS)/FBAS/2021]. Written informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants or, in the case of minors, from parents/legal guardians; age-appropriate assent was obtained when applicable.
: Written informed consent to participate in this study was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of the affected individuals.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
