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Article History

Received: 25 June 2025

Accepted: 13 January 2026

First Online: 19 January 2026

Declarations

:

: All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of Kaifeng Central Hospital and were approved by the Kaifeng Central Hospital Ethics Committee. The nude mice used in this study were sourced from the institution’s Laboratory Animal Center, and no privately owned animals were involved.All animal procedures were approved by the Kaifeng Central Hospital Ethics Committee. Euthanasia was performed under anesthesia (pentobarbital sodium, 50 mg/kg, i.p.) to minimize suffering, in compliance with institutional and international ethical standards for humane endpoints.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.