Schol, Jordy
Ambrosio, Luca
Ruiz-Fernandez, Clara
Schlagenhof, Leon
Voskamp, Chantal
Laagland, Lisanne T.
Matsushita, Erika
Soma, Hazuki
Warita, Takayuki
VadalĂ , Gianluca
Tryfonidou, Marianna A.
Gantenbein, Benjamin
Sakai, Daisuke
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bridge Program, co-financed by the Swiss National Science Foundation (211510)
NC-CHOICE project, funded by the Dutch Research Council (NWO) Talent Program VICI TTW (19251)
European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program iPSpine (82592)
Bridge Program, co-financed by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) and Innosuisse (211510)
Japanese Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP23ym012612)
Article History
Received: 14 July 2025
Accepted: 3 February 2026
First Online: 2 March 2026
Declarations
:
: Samples analyzed as supplements of this review were collected as part of standard surgical procedures for lumbar disc herniation. The collection and utilization were approved by the Tokai University School of Medicine Institutional Review Board for Clinical Research (approval number 17R-173). Informed written consent was obtained from every involved patient.
: Not applicable.
: Daisuke Sakai has a role as a paid scientific advisor for TUNZ Pharma Inc. (Osaka, Japan) and Takayuki Warita is a paid employee of TUNZ Pharma Inc. (Osaka, Japan).