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Authors
Laudisi, Federica
Serra, Mattia Alberto
Tomassini, Lorenzo
Fantini, Massimo Claudio
Monasterio, Gustavo
He, Ning
Sommella, Eduardo Maria
Ortenzi, Angela
Sica, Giuseppe Sigismondo
Zorzi, Francesca
Pacifico, Teresa
Melaiu, Ombretta
De Stefanis, Cristiano
D’Oria, Valentina
Stolfi, Carmine
Monteleone, Ivan
Villablanca, Eduardo Javier
Monteleone, Giovanni
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca (PRIN 2022JEBP88,)
Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca (PNRR M4C2I1.3 PE6 project PE00000019 Heal Italia)
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Article History
Received: 1 September 2025
Accepted: 11 February 2026
First Online: 17 February 2026
Declarations
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: All in vivo experimental procedures were approved by the animal ethics committee under Italian legislation on animal experimentation (authorization number A69A0.69) and in compliance with European Union rules (2010/63/UE). The human studies were approved by the local ethics committee (protocol number: R.S. 58.23), and each patient gave written informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: Giovanni Monteleone served as a consultant for First Wave BioPharma and Giuliani SpA and as a speaker for Takeda, Eli Lilly, Abbvie, Galapagos, and Pfizer and filed a patent related to the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases with Smad7 antisense oligonucleotides. The other authors declare no commercial or financial conflict of interest.
