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Article History

Received: 1 February 2019

Accepted: 3 June 2019

First Online: 10 June 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: A data sharing protocol and a data use agreement were approved by the local institutional review boards for each participating cohort. All parents or legal guardians provided written, informed consent for the child’s original cohort participation.

: Not applicable.

: All authors report grants from NIH during the conduct of study. J.E. Gern reports personal fees from PREP Biopharm Inc., Regeneron, MedImmune, and Ena Pharmaceuticals, as well as personal fees and stock options from Meissa Vaccines Inc. outside the submitted work. In addition, J.E. Gern has a patent “Methods of Propagating Rhinovirus C in Previously Unsusceptible Cell Lines” issued, and a patent “Adapted Rhinovirus C” pending. D. J Jackson reports grants from GlaxoSmithKline, as well as personal fees from Novartis, Vifor Pharma, Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Commense outside the submitted work. L.B. Bacharier reports personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline, Genentech/Novartis, Merck, DBV Technologies, Teva, Boehringer Ingelheim Sanofi/Regeneron, Vectura, Circassia, and AstraZeneca outside the submitted work. R.A. Wood reports personal fees from AAAAI in the form of a presidential stipend and fees for work as a JACI Associate Editor, as well as royalties from Up To Date, outside the selected work. In addition, R.A. Wood grants from Aimmune, DBV, Astellas, Sanofi, Regeneron, and HAL Allergy outside the selected work. S. Lynch reports personal fees from Siolta Therapeutics outside the submitted work. R.F. Lemanske reports grants as part of the Clinical and Translational Science Award from NIH, Childhood Origins of ASThma (COAST), and AsthmaNet outside the submitted work. R.F. Lemanske also reports personal fees from LSU, University of Kentucky, and Thermo Fischer outside the submitted work. In addition, R.F. Lemanske reports royalties from Elsevier and Up To Date outside the submitted work. T. Hartert reports grants from the World Health Organization outside the submitted work. F. Martinez reports personal fees for consultancy from Commense Inc. and Copeval outside the submitted work. In addition, F. Martinez reports grants from Johnson & Johnson and Vifor Pharma outside the submitted work. G.T. O’Connor reports personal fees from AstraZeneca for consultancy, as well as a grant from Janssen Pharmaceuticals outside the submitted work. M. Kattan reports personal fees from Novartis Pharma outside the submitted work. M. Craven, D.R. Gold, U. Tachinardi, C.M. Seroogy, E.M. Zoratti, P. Ryan, D. Ownby, C. Ober, R. Miller, S.Y. Hwang, W. Huggins, C.C. Johnson, G.K.K. Hershey, C.M. Visness, A. Wright, and C.M. Hamilton have nothing to disclose outside the submitted work.