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Article History

Received: 10 September 2020

Accepted: 1 December 2020

First Online: 3 February 2021

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The study was approved by an independent ethics committee or institutional review board at each site, and all patients provided written informed consent prior to enrolment.

: Not applicable.

: HK has received honoraria and/or other support from Bayer, Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, MSD, OMT and United Therapeutics. KC has received honoraria and/or fees for consultancy and steering/adjudication committees from Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Bayer (through the University of California, San Diego), United Therapeutics and Gossamer Bio. KC’s institution has received grants, research support from Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, the National Institute of Health and SoniVie, and she has received financial/material support from the American Heart Association. RE has received honoraria and/or fees for consultancy from Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Bayer Vital and OMT and as a corporate board member for Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, OMT and Novartis. RE has received grants from Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Boehringer Ingelheim, OMT, Berlin Chemie and Novartis. HG has received fees and/or honoraria and/or other support from Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol–Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, OMT, Pfizer and United Therapeutics. JP has nothing to declare. DP has received consultant/speaker’s bureau honoraria and/or fees from Bayer. HJS has received advisory board honoraria and/or fees and/or grants and research support from Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson and has received financial support and/or speaker honoraria from Bayer and GlaxoSmithKline. LNA, SHS and CS are employees of Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, a Janssen Pharmaceutical Company of Johnson & Johnson; SHS is a stock holder in Novartis, Alcon, and stock option holder in Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, LNA is a stock holder in Novo Nordisk A/S and Zealand Pharma A/S and CS is stock holder in Novartis, Organovo, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., and stock option holder in Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson. IRP has received consultant and scientific medical advisor honoraria and/or fees from Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Arena, Gilead, United Therapeutics, Liquidia, Pfizer and Acceleron. IRP’s institution has received grants and research support from Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Acceleron, Arena, Gilead, United Therapeutics, Liquidia and Bayer.